ChatGPT如何为教师所用：利弊及不足

How to Use ChatGPT to Support Teachers: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

ChatGPT如何为教师所用：利弊及不足

ChatGPT 3.5 – an Artificial-Intelligence (AI) chatbot – has been around since November 2022. To say it has the potential to revolutionize education systems is an understatement. Currently, it’s unclear exactly how the chatbot will affect the sector, but it’s clear it is both a threat and a gamechanger. There are the skeptics, who have tried to ban ChatGPT in schools, and the advocates, who think it is the “silver bullet” solution to a host of education challenges around the world.

ChatGPT 3.5是一种人工智能（AI）聊天机器人，从去年11 月就已上线。说它有可能使教育体系发生革命性剧变是过于轻描淡写了。目前还不清楚聊天机器人到底会给教育行业带来什么影响，但显而易见它既是一种威胁，也改变了游戏规则。有持怀疑态度的人试图在学校禁用ChatGPT，也有积极倡导的人认为这是解决世界各地面临的诸多教育挑战的妙招良方。

To the skeptics’ point that the chatbot is detrimental to the learning process, it’s fair to say it has and will continue to disrupt the most traditional learning tools teachers have used for decades (e.g., writing and revising essays). What follows is an uncomfortable question: With a shortage of 69 million primary and secondary teachers around the world, could ChatGPT supplement teachers, or even replace them?

持怀疑态度的人认为聊天机器人对学习过程有害，可以公平地说，它已经干扰了并将继续干扰教师几十年来都在使用的最传统的教学工具（例如，撰写和修改论文）。接下来是一个令人不安的问题：目前全球中小学教师短缺6900万人，ChatGPT能否作为教师的补充甚至取代教师呢？The launch of ChatGPT has demonstrated the potential for the technology to enhance, and in some cases replace, some of the activities and tasks done within jobs by humans. Will teachers – considered a major determinant for student learning, wellbeing, and long-term success – be an exception? Could the chatbot independently complete tasks currently done by teachers? If so, what are the associated risks? How can teachers use ChatGPT to enhance their practice and/or improve the efficiency of certain tasks?

ChatGPT的推出证明该技术具有加强并在某些情况下取代人类工作中的某些活动和任务的潜力。教师被认为是学生学习、福祉和人生成功的主要决定因素，他们会是一个例外吗？聊天机器人能否独立完成目前由教师完成的任务？如果是这样，会带来哪些风险？教师如何利用ChatGPT来加强他们的教学实践和（或）提高某些任务的效率？

The Opportunity: Using ChatGPT as a Tool把握机会：

使用ChatGPT作为辅助工具

Here are some examples of how policymakers could encourage teachers to use ChatGPT.

以下是政策制定者可以如何鼓励教师使用ChatGPT的一些例子。

Enhance lessons. A major challenge for teachers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is transforming a dense curriculum into an engaging lesson. Teachers can use ChatGPT to translate learning objectives into engaging lesson plans, get ideas for preparing classes, or draft new assignments or assessments. ChatGPT can help with lesson preparation and proficiency, but not delivery. As such, teachers will need pedagogical proficiency to teach the lesson with high quality.

提升课程效果。低收入和中等收入国家的教师面临的一项主要挑战是将密集的课程转化为有吸引力的教学。教师可以使用ChatGPT将学习目标转化为有吸引力的课程计划，获得课程准备的创意思路，生成新的作业或评估。ChatGPT可以帮助课程准备和提升备课能力，但不能取代授课。因此，教师需要熟练的教学能力才能高质量地教授课程。

Create assessment questions. Teachers could use ChatGPT to improve assessment questions and generate multiple-choice items. They could also use it as an input to encourage higher-order thinking skills by providing prompts for the essay questions and practical tasks. Teachers can use different types of assessment that could help students to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative skills.

创建评估问题。教师可以利用ChatGPT来改进评估问题和生成多项选择题，还可以通过为论文问题和实际任务提供提示词，将其作为鼓励高阶思维技能的投入。教师可以使用不同类型的评估方法来帮助学生培养批判性思维、解决问题和协作能力。

Support with language barriers. Although it would be ideal for countries to ensure teachers instruct in their native language, the reality is that some systems – despite evidence to the contrary – are moving away from teaching in the local language and shifting toward a second language (i.e., English). In these contexts, teachers also do not know English and have difficulty teaching in a language they don’t understand. Here, the chatbot could serve as a tool for improving the teachers’ language proficiency, helping them to instruct more effectively in their native language or in a foreign language. For example, Duolingo and GPT claim to offer affordable and accessible highly personalized language lessons.

支持克服语言障碍。尽管理想的情况是各国都保障教师用母语授课，但现实情况是（尽管有相反的证据）一些教育体系正在从母语教学转向第二语言（即英语）教学。在这些情况下，教师也不懂英语，很难用他们不懂的语言教学。对此，聊天机器人可以作为提高教师语言能力的工具，帮助他们更有效地用母语或外语教学。例如，Duolingo（多邻国）和GPT声称提供便宜可用的高度个性化语言课程。