据世界卫生组织（WHO）发布的卫生建议，洪水过后这些问题要注意：
Knowing your community’s evacuation route and warning signals, and identifying areas prone to flooding or landslides.
❷ 用氯消毒或煮沸所有的饮用水和烹调用水
保障安全饮用水，不喝生水，以减少水源性疾病爆发的风险。
Chlorinate or boil all water for drinking and food preparation, in order to reduce the risk of outbreaks of water-borne diseases.
❸ 尽量不要接触污水，勤洗手
不要用洪水洗碗、刷牙或清洗和准备食物。如果你接触过洪水，务必用肥皂和水洗手。
Do not use flood water to wash dishes, brush teeth or wash and prepare food. Always wash your hands with soap and water if you have been in contact with floodwater.
❹ 避免步行或开车穿过行洪地区或积水路面
即使是最少量的水也会带来严重的危险。你不知道是否有电线掉进水里或者是否有危险的化学物质存在。汽车和行人在洪水中很容易被冲走。
Avoid walking or driving through flooded areas and standing water.
Even the smallest amount of water can bring about significant dangers. You do not know if electrical lines have fallen in the water or hazardous chemicals exist. Cars and people can easily be swept away during a flood.
❺ 丢弃任何接触过洪水的食物
如果你的食物接触过洪水，已经不再安全，且会增加水源性疾病的风险。
Throw away any food that has come in contact with floodwater.
If your food has touched any floodwater, it is not safe to eat and increases your risk of water-borne diseases.
❻ 清洁房屋
丢弃任何不能用漂白剂清洗的物品，比如枕头和床垫。用肥皂和水以及漂白剂清洁所有墙壁、地板和其他表面。
Throw out any items that cannot be washed and cleaned with bleach, such as pillows and mattresses. Clean all walls, floors and other surfaces with soap and water, as well as bleach.
❼ 防蚊
如果房屋处于有积水或死水的地方，请按照产品说明使用驱蚊剂，并将其喷涂在衣服或皮肤上。睡觉时要穿长裤和长袖上衣，并使用蚊帐。
If your home is in an area with stagnant or standing water, use mosquito repellent, following the instructions on the label, and apply it to clothes or skin. Also, wear trousers and long-sleeved shirts, and cover beds with mosquito nets when sleeping.
饮用水、饮料等可能会出现被洪水泡过的情况。大家都会疑惑这样的被洪水泡过的未开封饮料还能喝吗？
答案是不能。
If exposed to flood waters, all fresh fruits and vegetables, garden produce and bottled water should be discarded. If contaminated, these foods cannot be adequately cleaned and sanitized.
洪水泡过的果蔬、农产品和瓶装水都应该被丢弃。因为一旦污染，这些食物就无法彻底清洁和消毒。
之前不少实验，将未开封的饮料放入墨水中，浸泡一段时间打开发现，瓶口螺纹处有被墨水污染的痕迹。
这其实是由于一种叫做毛细管作用（capillary action）的现象导致的。
毛细管作用是液体在无需任何外力作用下，在狭窄空间内自动流动的情况。当流动空间足够狭小的时候，液体内的内聚力（液体表面张力）和液体与容器壁之间的粘附力将共同推动液体的流动。
Capillary action is the automatic flow of a liquid in a narrow space without any external force. It occurs between a liquid and the surrounding solid surface due to intermolecular forces. When the flow space is sufficiently narrow, the cohesive forces within the liquid (surface tension of the liquid) and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the container walls will work together to drive the flow of the liquid.
除了被洪水泡过的瓶装水，取自井水、河水、湖水、塘水的临时饮用水，都有被污染的风险，一定要进行消毒。煮沸几分钟，就可以将水中所含的绝大部分致病菌、病毒杀死。但要注意，盛放开水的容器要清洁，不要用喝水的杯子直接到容器中取水，可以设置开水龙头或公用水舀。
All water possibly contaminated by flooding must be disinfected, whether from wells, springs, or cisterns.
Boil water before you use it for drinking. Cool and store all boiled water in a clean and covered container.
在洪水灾害中，食品同样容易受到污染。
首先，食品可能会受到洪水中的细菌、病毒、霉菌等微生物的污染。这些微生物很容易在潮湿的环境中繁殖，导致食品变质、腐烂。其次，食品可能会受到洪水中的化学物质的污染，例如农药、杀虫剂、重金属等。这些化学物质可能会渗透到食品中，对人体健康造成危害。
误食洪水接触过的食物，可能会导致腹泻、呕吐、发烧等症状。
After a flood, there is a risk of illness from eating food that is contaminated. Unsafe food and water can cause diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach cramps, fever, aches and fatigue, and can lead to serious illness.
洪水过后，食用被污染的食物有患病的风险。不安全的食物和水会导致腹泻、呕吐、胃痛、发烧、疼痛和疲劳，并可能导致严重疾病。
特别说明：本文仅用于学术交流，如有侵权请后台联系小编删除。
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转载来源：中国日报 同文译馆
转载编辑：杨瑾
