Babel | Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation
期刊介绍：Babel is a scholarly journal designed primarily for translators, interpreters and terminologists (T&I), yet of interest also for non-specialists concerned with current issues and events in the field.
Babel 是一本主要为笔译、口译和术语学家 (T&I) 设计的学术期刊，但也吸引关注该领域当前问题和事件的非专业人士。
注：中文摘要为机器翻译，于2023年1月14日调用Google翻译引擎
Rhyming prose and archaizing
Translating the Arabic Badí‘ Al-Zamán Al-Hamadhání’s Maqāmāt
Amr M. El-Zawawy | Alexandria University
Published online: 12 January 2023
The present paper discusses the translation of the maqāmāt (i.e., assemblies) from Arabic into English. The focus is on two main issues: the translation of rhyming prose into English and the problem of archaizing the language when translating old literary texts, especially Arabic ones. The discussion of these two topics draws on different views, especially Catford’s, Newmark’s, and Pym’s, and examples translated by the author and compared to Prendergast’s translation ([1915] 2015), the only rendition available. This discussion also touches upon the dichotomy of foreignization versus domestication, as explicated by Venuti (1997). The paper concludes that translating expressive texts is quite an undertaking, particularly if they are contingent on rhyming prose and archaisms as their basic features. Another important conclusion is that the translator should keep an eye on the temporal distance between the two texts (i.e., the source text and the target text). Archaisms are therefore proposed to sprinkle the translated text with that perceived aspect of time. However, this does not mean that the target text will appear incomprehensible, for archaizing should be confined to the lexical level and some syntactic constructions which characterize literary prose.
本文讨论了将 maqāmāt（即集会）从阿拉伯语翻译成英语。重点放在两个主要问题上：将押韵散文翻译成英文，以及在翻译旧文学文本（尤其是阿拉伯文文本）时将语言仿古化的问题。这两个主题的讨论借鉴了不同的观点，尤其是 Catford、Newmark 和 Pym 的观点，以及作者翻译的示例，并与 Prendergast 的翻译（[1915] 2015）进行了比较，这是唯一可用的翻译。正如韦努蒂 (Venuti) (1997) 所阐述的那样，该讨论还涉及异化与归化的二分法。该论文的结论是，翻译富有表现力的文本是一项艰巨的任务，尤其是当它们以押韵散文和古语为基本特征时。另一个重要的结论是，译者应该注意两个文本（即源文本和目标文本）之间的时间距离。因此，建议使用古语来将翻译后的文本与时间的感知方面相结合。然而，这并不意味着目标文本会显得不可理解，因为仿古应该仅限于词汇层面和一些文学散文特征的句法结构。
Comparing L2 translation, translation revision, and post-editing competences in translation trainees
An exploratory study into Dutch–French translation
Isabelle S. Robert | University of Antwerp
Iris Schrijver | University of Antwerp
Jim J. J. Ureel | University of Antwerp
Published online: 12 January 2023
Translation proper is rarely the sole activity that translators undertake in today’s translation market. Translators regularly function as revisers or post-editors, requiring them to check human or machine translations to make or recommend changes to improve translation quality. Various construct and performance models of and studies into translation competence (TC), translation revision competence (TRC), and post-editing competence (PEC) exist. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered to date: how similar or different TC, TRC, and PEC are. Using indirect translations (L1 Dutch, L2 French), we collected and analyzed translation, translation revision (TR), and post-editing (PE) data from 11 graduate translation trainees. Our exploratory study shows that TRC and PEC appear to have different competences, with trainees performing better for TR than PE. However, TRC and PEC do appear to have a common core, which does not differ significantly across tasks: problem detection.
在当今的翻译市场上，翻译本身很少是译员从事的唯一活动。译员经常担任审校或译后编辑，要求他们检查人工或机器翻译以做出或建议更改以提高翻译质量。存在各种关于翻译能力 (TC)、翻译修订能力 (TRC) 和译后编辑能力 (PEC) 的构造和性能模型以及研究。然而，迄今为止，一个基本问题仍未得到解答：TC、TRC 和 PEC 有何相似或不同之处。使用间接翻译（L1 荷兰语，L2 法语），我们收集并分析了来自 11 名翻译研究生的翻译、翻译修订 (TR) 和译后编辑 (PE) 数据。我们的探索性研究表明，TRC 和 PEC 似乎具有不同的能力，受训者在 TR 方面的表现优于 PE。然而，TRC 和 PEC 似乎有一个共同的核心，在不同的任务上没有显着差异：问题检测。
Speech corpus–based study on the speakability in translation of Chinese classical operas
Ren Xiaofei | Jiangsu University
Zhang Chuanrui | Zhejiang Gongshang University
Zhu Chenshu | Jiangsu University
Chen Danlei | Jiangsu University
Published online: 10 January 2023
Speakability in drama involves the level of ease with which an individual can coordinate the pronunciation, singing, and emotion of a text. In translations of classical Chinese operas, reproducing the speakability of the original can determine the success of the stage performance of the opera. However, speakability in such translations has not been explored in the literature. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the similarity of the speakability in translations of An Enchanting Dream 惊梦 from The Peony Pavilion 牡丹亭 to that of the original Chinese through a corpus-driven investigation of versions of the opera annotated by Xu Yuanchong and translated by Xu Yuanchong and Xu Ming, Wang Rongpei, and Cyril Birch. We developed a prosodic phonological evaluation system in which duration and pitch were used to compare the source text and target texts by using InterPhonic 5.0 and Praat software. The results indicated that for duration when the context and characterization in the drama are considered, Wang’s translation did not adequately convey emotions. For pitch, the tone ranges of Xu and Xu’s translation fluctuated more drastically, which more effectively conveyed the emotional changes of the original text. Furthermore, the waviness of the pitches in Xu and Xu’s translation was similar to that of the original text. In this study, relative corpora were developed to determine the translated speakability of a Chinese classical opera. Our results may be valuable to translation studies and for the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture.
戏剧中的可说性涉及个人协调文本的发音、歌唱和情感的难易程度。在中国古典戏曲的翻译中，能否再现原作的可说性，决定了戏曲舞台表演的成败。然而，文献中尚未探索此类翻译中的可说性。因此，在这项研究中，我们通过对徐渊冲注释和翻译的歌剧版本的语料库驱动调查，调查了牡丹亭的惊梦翻译与中文原文的可说性的相似性 由徐元冲和徐明、王荣培和西里尔·伯奇 (Cyril Birch) 撰写。我们使用InterPhonic 5.0和Praat软件开发了一个韵律语音评价系统，其中使用持续时间和音高来比较源文本和目标文本。结果表明，考虑到戏剧的背景和人物塑造，王的翻译没有充分传达情感。音高方面，徐和徐译的音域波动较大，更有效地传达了原文的情感变化。此外，徐和徐翻译中的音高波浪与原文相似。在这项研究中，开发了相关语料库以确定中国古典歌剧的翻译可说性。我们的结果可能对翻译研究和中国传统文化的传播有价值。
Gatekeeping of translations in Shinchunji in South Korea during the Cold War (1946–1954) from the text mining approach
Kim Ye Jin | Sejong University
Tak Jin-young | Sejong University
Kwak Eun-Joo | Sejong University
Kim Hyosook | Sejong University
Published online: 13 December 2022
This study examines the change of criteria for selecting texts for translation in Shinchunji, the most influential magazine in liberated Korea. Using data mining methods, the study analyzes the topics and narratives of the source texts on the two occupiers of Korea: the US and the USSR. The results reveal that institutional, domestic, and international changes affected the magazine’s selection process, as its editors’ perceptions of the two powers changed over time. The selected texts’ topics and narratives show the ideological transformation of the publishing company from a left-leaning or moderate to an anti-communist governmental mouthpiece, expressing the editors’ desire to win over the minds of the Koreans for nation-building.
本研究考察了在解放后的朝鲜最具影响力的杂志《新天地》中选择翻译文本的标准的变化。该研究使用数据挖掘方法，分析了关于朝鲜的两个占领者：美国和苏联的源文本的主题和叙述。结果表明，机构、国内和国际的变化影响了该杂志的选择过程，因为其编辑对这两种力量的看法随着时间的推移而改变。所选文本的主题和叙述显示了出版公司从左倾或温和到反共政府喉舌的意识形态转变，表达了编辑们为国家建设争取韩国人思想的愿望。
La traducción y lo lúdico en el cambio social
La traducción inclusiva de Morgane contra una doxa de género dominante
Esther Monzó-Nebot | Universitat Jaume I
Miguel Llanos-Guerrero | Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
Published online: 13 December 2022
Gender-inclusive language, both binary and non-binary, advocates for wider visibility of non-dominant genders. However, in the Spanish context, this language, especially the binary variant, has been received with much opposition led by the institution establishing linguistic norms. This paper addresses the possibility of using gender-inclusive language as a political practice in translation and explores how entertainment genres, particularly comics, and information on the social goals of heterodox linguistic practices may be conducive to relaxing the adherence to dominant doxas. By priming responses based on two gender-inclusive (one binary and one non-binary) translations of the comic Morgane by Kansara and Fert, differences between four focus groups were analyzed. Two of them received a briefing session detailing the social agenda of gender-inclusive language, and two were offered no such sessions before reading and discussing the translations. Results showed how the briefing sessions relaxed adherence to the dominant doxa even though the social purpose of gender-inclusive language was widely questioned. Further, results evinced that binary translation was more strongly opposed than the non-binary variant. It is argued that translation can be used as a tool for political and social change and become instrumental in advocating for equal opportunities for all genders.
性别包容性语言，包括二元和非二元语言，提倡非主导性别的更广泛可见性。然而，在西班牙语背景下，这种语言，尤其是二元变体，受到了建立语言规范的机构的强烈反对。本文讨论了将性别包容性语言用作翻译中的政治实践的可能性，并探讨了娱乐类型，尤其是漫画，以及关于异端语言实践的社会目标的信息如何有助于放松对主流 doxas 的坚持。通过根据 Kansara 和 Fert 的漫画 Morgane 的两种性别包容性（一种二进制和一种非二进制）翻译启动反应，分析了四个焦点小组之间的差异。其中两人接受了一次简报会，详细介绍了性别包容语言的社会议程，另外两人在阅读和讨论翻译之前没有参加此类会议。结果表明，尽管性别包容性语言的社会目的受到广泛质疑，但简报会如何放松对占主导地位的 doxa 的坚持。此外，结果表明二进制翻译比非二进制变体更强烈反对。有人认为，翻译可以用作政治和社会变革的工具，并有助于倡导所有性别的平等机会。
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转载来源：Babel | Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation
转载编辑：郑奕涵
