\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u8d4b\u80fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u8003<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u91d1\u8273 \u00a0\u5f90\u5b5f\u5a55
<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u8273\uff0c\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5;\u90ae\u7bb1\uff1ayjin@sjtu.edu.cn<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f90\u5b5f\u5a55\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u6458\u8981<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u5bf9\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u8d4b\u80fd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bfc\u5411\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u6570\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5021\u5bfc\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

1.\u00a0<\/strong>\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd(artificial intelligence, \u7b80\u79f0AI)\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4e8e1956\u5e74\u88ab\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa(Russell & Norvig 2020)\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u8c2d\u94c1\u725b\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u201d(\u8c2d\u94c1\u725b2019: 40)\u3002AI\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u667a\u80fd\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u548c\u8d85\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\uff1b\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6574\u7406\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u8054\u60f3\u63a8\u7406\u7b49(\u5434\u777f2022)\u3002Open AI\u4e8e2022\u5e74\u672b\u53d1\u5e03\u7684Chat GPT\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u4e92\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4fe1\u606f\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd(Crompton & Burke 2023; Lee et al. 2024)\u3002\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b(large language models, LLMs)\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd(generative AI, Gen AI)\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5411\u5b9e\u73b0AI\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u8fc8\u8fd1\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\uff0c\u5373AI\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e14\u7406\u6027\u5730\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e14\u7406\u6027\u5730\u884c\u52a8\u201d(UNESCO 2019:8)\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bc4\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u4eba\u673a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u3001\u8bca\u65ad\u53cd\u9988\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u65e5\u8d8b\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u5199\u8bed\u6599\u3001\u547d\u9898\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u7b49\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e(Xi 2023)\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7ed9\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u5408\u524d\u6cbf\u6587\u732e\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684AI\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u548c\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5206\u6570\u7b49\u503c\u3001\u6548\u5ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bca\u65ad\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u7b49\u73af\u8282\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u6216\u5199\u4f5c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8003\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3(Educational Testing Service, ETS)\u7684e-rater\u5199\u4f5c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u57f9\u751fVersant\u53e3\u8bed\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u56db\u3001\u516d\u7ea7\u53e3\u8bed\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf(Knoch et al. 2021; Xi 2010, 2023; \u5f20\u6653\u827a\u7b492024)\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u6539\u4f5c\u6587\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982Criterion\u5728\u7ebf\u5199\u4f5c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001Write To Learn\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6279\u6539\u7f51\u3001i Write\u7b49\u82f1\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u8bc4\u9605\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

2020\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8003\u751f\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86AI\u8f85\u52a9\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c45\u5bb6\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e14\u5df2\u5728\u6258\u798f\u3001\u96c5\u601d\u3001\u591a\u90bb\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528(Isbell et al. 2023)\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u5c45\u5bb6\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u6444\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u4eff\u751f\u5b66\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8003\u8bd5\u4f5c\u5f0a\u7b49\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u8d39\u65f6\u8d39\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\uff1b\u5168\u7a0b\u5f55\u50cf\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7701\u65f6\u7701\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u540e\u7684\u5f55\u50cf\u5ba1\u6838\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5927\uff1b\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fAI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5168\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7701\u65f6\u7701\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u3002Isbell\u7b49(2023)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u534f\u4f1a(International Language Testing Association, ILTA)\u4e8e2023\u5e745\u6708\u4e3e\u529e\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u201cChat GPT\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u968f\u7740LLMs\u548cAI\u89c6\u9891\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u6a21\u62df\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u4ea4\u9645\u6216\u865a\u62df\u4ea4\u9645\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u6d4b\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u62d3\u5c55\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6784\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e30\u5bcc\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002
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2.2\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6<\/span>
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\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u201c\u5bf9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u8bc4\u5206\u3001\u6548\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u201d(Van Moere & Downey 2016: 342)\u3002\u91d1\u8273\u7b49(2021)\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u56db\u3001\u516d\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ece\u6548\u5ea6\u3001\u6548\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8003\u8bd5\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6548\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5168\u9762\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u6784\u5ff5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6784\u5ff5\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u6784\u5ff5\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u8003\u8bd5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u62e8\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ece\u6548\u7387\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u8003\u8bd5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8003\u8bd5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ece\u8003\u8bd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u8bc4\u5206\u7b49\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u8003\u8bd5\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u63d0\u5347\u8003\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u5173\u6ce8\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u8003\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u9898\u5e93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u5bc6\u3001\u8003\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u4f5c\u7b54\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4f5c\u5f0a\u7684\u9884\u9632\u3001\u8003\u751f\u8eab\u4efd\u7504\u522b\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8003\u8bd5\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u3002
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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5Chat GPT\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684LLMs\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u504f\u89c1\u6216\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5ba1\u8fa8\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u4e3b\u89c2\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7b49\u4eba\u7c7b\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u76f8\u5e94\u524a\u5f31(\u80e1\u5f00\u5b9d\u3001\u738b\u6653\u83892022)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f26\u7406\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u7406\u6027\u89c4\u7ea6\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u8feb\u5207(\u4ee4\u5c0f\u96c4\u7b492023)\u3002
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Hao\u7b49(2024)\u8ba4\u4e3aLLMs\u548cGen AI\u6280\u672f\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e03\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a(1)\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3002LLMs\u80cc\u540e\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1b(2)\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u4ece\u5f97\u77e5\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u7248\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u82e5\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6709\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6284\u88ad\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u5e26\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u51fa\u5e26\u6709\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b(3)\u4fe1\u606f\u771f\u5b9e\u5ea6\u3002AI\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b(4)\u53ef\u5916\u63a8\u6027\u3002LLMs\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8a00\u4e0b\u6216\u8a00\u5916\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6\uff1b(5)\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002LLMs\u57fa\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u4e14\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u7ed3\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b(6)\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u8bed\u548c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff1b(7)\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002AI\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u6709\u5bb3\u6216\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5185\u56e0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4e8e\u62db\u8058\u5458\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u7684\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7b49\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u8def\u900f\u793e\u66fe\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u62db\u8058\u5f15\u64ce\u5bf9\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u6b67\u89c6(Dastin 2018)\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8054\u540d\u62b5\u5236\u5c06AI\u5199\u4f5c\u68c0\u6d4b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b66\u751f\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u201c\u60e9\u7f5a\u201d\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e3a\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53(Liang et al. 2023: 1)\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u679cAI\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3001\u76d1\u7ba1\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u5f53\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7b49\u5916\u56e0\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e26\u6765\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5398\u6e05\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u6216\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u5708\u8868\u793aAI\u6280\u672f\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8003\u8bd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6216\u9009\u6750\u3001\u547d\u9898\u548c\u521d\u5ba1\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u3001\u5ba1\u9898\u548c\u7ec4\u5377\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc4\u5206\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5708\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u7f16\u5199\u6216\u9009\u6750\u201d\u6216\u201c\u547d\u9898\u548c\u5ba1\u9898\u201d\u73af\u8282\uff0cAI\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bfc\u5411\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5728\u201c\u8003\u8bd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u201d\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5728\u201c\u8bc4\u5206\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u73af\u8282\uff0cAI\u6280\u672f\u7f3a\u9677\u5e26\u6765\u4fe1\u606f\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6570\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u7ed9\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u6765\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8be6\u8ff0\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u8d4b\u80fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0<\/strong>\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u8d4b\u80fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.1\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bfc\u5411<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5408\u4e4e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u5916\u8bed\u6d4b\u8bc4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53AI\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6311\u9009\u6216\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6750\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bfc\u5411\u95ee\u9898\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u547d\u9898\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7d20\u6750\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u539f\u7248\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528AI\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u7f16\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u793a\u7f16\u5199\u7d20\u6750\u3002AI\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0d\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u9898\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d20\u6750\u6240\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5224\u65ad\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u826f\u5bfc\u5411\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0cAI\u7684\u201c\u5e7b\u89c9\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u865a\u6784\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u5bb3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u601d\u653f\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u9762\u878d\u5165\u5916\u8bed\u8bfe\u5802\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bfc\u5411\u662f\u601d\u653f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b54\u857e(2024:12-13)\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u5916\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u5efa\u8bae\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u201c\u91cd\u89c6\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u201d\u3002\u845b\u9882\u548c\u738b\u5b81(2024: 97)\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8AI\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0cAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u5f53\u5f97\u5230\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u4ee3\u201d\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2\u6d4b\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u6027<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bae\u9898(\u5982Kunnan 2000, 2018; Mc Namara et al. 2019)\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7ed9\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u95ee\u9898\u3002Garcia\u548cLee (2020: 254)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6bcf\u4ef6\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u6bcf\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6bcf\u9879\u4ea7\u54c1\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u7531\u4eba\u5de5\u7f16\u5199\uff1b\u6bcf\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u9690\u542b\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u5230\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u5185\u5728\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6837\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6570\u5b57\u7d20\u517b\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8003\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c45\u5bb6\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u8003\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u573a\u5730\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u8003\u751f\u6216\u6b8b\u969c\u8003\u751f\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u7ec6\u81f4\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u754c\u5b9a\u8003\u751f\u53c2\u52a0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9700\u5177\u5907\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8003\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u529b<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

LLMs\u80cc\u540e\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u582a\u79f0\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b(\u90d1\u62082017)\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u547d\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u6570\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8003\u751f\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800cAI\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u786e\u3001\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89e3\u91ca(Xi 2023\uff09\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5f00\u5c55\u4eba\u673a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u533a\u522b\u6027\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f7fAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fdETS\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u57fa\u4e8e\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u5199\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u5206\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u8bc4\u5206\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u5206\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u673a\u8bc4\u5206\u6570\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u8bc4\u5206\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u96c6\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5f15\u5165\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u91c7\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f15\u5bfc\u201d\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u53ef\u5f52\u56e0\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d(\u5468\u4e1c\u6ce2\u7b492024: 3)\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

3.4\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u8003\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u81ea\u52a8\u547d\u9898\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u8bc4\u5206\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8bd5\u9898\u6216\u7b54\u9898\u6570\u636e\u88abAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bd5\u9898\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u8003\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7b54\u9898\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u7b49\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8003\u8bd5\u82e5\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u547d\u9898\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u7248\u6743\u6216\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAI\u8bad\u7ec3\u5e93\u8d44\u6599\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7248\u6743\uff1fAI\u80fd\u5426\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff1f\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u8457\u4f5c\u6743\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4AI\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f26\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u672a\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6(\u65bc\u5174\u4e2d\u7b492023)\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u4e9f\u9700\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u8003\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u5168\u9762\u8bc4\u4f30AI\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u9898\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7248\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u547d\u9898\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5728\u4e25\u5bc6\u76d1\u63a7\u8003\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7b54\u9898\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8bc4\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u8003\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u4e00(\u8be6\u89c1\u672c\u6587\u7b2c4.3\u8282)\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

3.5\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6b63\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u89c6\u91ce\u300b\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u201c\u6280\u672f\u9e3f\u6c9f\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61(Patel et al. 2023)\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u5e08\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u5c55AI\u8f85\u52a9\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\u6025\u9700\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6d4b\u8bc4\u662f\u6700\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u73af\u8282(\u80e1\u6770\u8f89\u3001\u5f20\u94c1\u592b2023)\u3002\u4ece\u5b66\u751f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2a\u522b\u519c\u6751\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5f25\u5408\u6280\u672f\u9e3f\u6c9f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5347\u5b66\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5267\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u76d1\u6d4b\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30AI\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u7b49\u8003\u8bd5\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u7d27\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5e94\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0<\/strong>\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684<\/strong>AI<\/strong>\u4f26\u7406\u89c2<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4.1\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684AI\u4f26\u7406\u89c2<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0eAI\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u201c\u4eba\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u547d\u9898\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7406\u6027\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0cAI\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u591a\u5148\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u4f53\u3001\u624b\u6bb5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0eAI\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u79c9\u6301\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u51c6\u5219(\u674e\u9ad8\u534f\u3001\u9f50\u6da6\u53d12023)\u3002\u5efa\u7b51\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6Cedric Price\u5bf9\u4eba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e0e\u620f\u5267\u5bfc\u6f14\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6e38\u4e50\u5bab\u201d(Fun Palace)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5728\u6280\u672f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9002\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5efa\u7b51\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6e38\u4e50\u5bab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\uff1a\u201c\u6e38\u4e50\u5bab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u4e4e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u4eba(Mathews 2006: 47)\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u7c7b\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u8005Shneiderman (2022)\u5021\u5bfc\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684AI\u7406\u5ff5(human-centered AI, \u7b80\u79f0HCAI)\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u89e3\u91caHCAI\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0cShneiderman (2022: 59-60)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6846\u67b6(\u89c1\u56fe2)\u3002\u7eb5\u8f74\u81ea\u4e0b\u5411\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u5de5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7531\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\uff0c\u6a2a\u8f74\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4ee3\u8868\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u7531\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\uff0cHCAI\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5373\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u8c61\u9650\u4e2d\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

HCAI\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u7814\u53d1\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u548c\u5f25\u8865\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u786e\u4fddAI\u80fd\u591f\u516c\u5f00\u3001\u900f\u660e\u5730\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u5c0a\u91cd\u9690\u79c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u8981\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528AI\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9274\u4e8eAI\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u5bf9\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5e94\u7528AI\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u79c9\u6301\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u89c4\u907f\u6216\u51cf\u5c11AI\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5371\u5bb3\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684AI\u4f26\u7406\u89c2<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005Donald Ely (1995)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u5730\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u679c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u5f53\u3001\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ece\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u8bc4\u5206\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u6027(Van Moere & Downey 2016)\u3002
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\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u6d4b\u91cf\u9886\u57df\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8eAI\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u95ee\u4e16\u30022022\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8003\u8bd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u534f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b2023\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u6559\u5e08\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u4e0eAI\u6280\u672f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u6280\u672f\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1b2023\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bc4\u534f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bc4\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bc4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684AI\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u6587\u732e\u548c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684AI\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u7684AI\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u8d4b\u80fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5c06\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u7b26\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u8bae\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
<\/span><\/p>\n

(1)\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u8bed\u8a00\u8003\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba1\u6838\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

(2)\u907f\u514d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

(3)\u63d0\u5347\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7d20\u517b\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

(4)\u5168\u9762\u8bc4\u4f30\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8003\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u7248\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

(5)\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

(6)\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684AI\u5e94\u7528<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u201d(human-in-the-loop)\u662f\u89c4\u907f\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u907f\u514d\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u4eba\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u628a\u5173\u8005\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u52a9\u624b(\u65bc\u5174\u4e2d\u7b492023)\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u548cAI\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u53d6\u534f\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5e94\u5bf9\u6311\u6218\u3002Hao\u7b49(2024)\u4ee5\u591a\u90bb\u56fd\u82f1\u8bed\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u673a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684AI\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f(\u89c1\u56fe3)\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0eAI\u5728\u591a\u90bb\u56fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d41\u7a0b(evidence-centered design, \u7b80\u79f0ECD)\uff0c\u754c\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6784\u5ff5\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fd0\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7b49AI\u6280\u672f\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8bd5\u9898\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u9898\u5e93\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e4b\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u5ba1\u9898\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5ba1\u6838AI\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u8bd5\u9898\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5185\u5bb9\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba1\u6838\u7684\u8bd5\u9898\u518d\u6b21\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u548cAI\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u8003\u751f\u548c\u7528\u6237\u62a5\u544a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u8f6e\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u547d\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0cLLMs\u548cGen AI\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8282\u7ea6\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u6750\u6599\u548c\u8bd5\u9898\u5ba1\u6838\u3002\u5728\u8bc4\u5206\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42(Zhang & Hyland 2018;\u8881\u8389\u7b492021)\u3002\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4e3a\u8003\u751f\u548c\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5f20\u6653\u827a\u7b49(2024)\u4f9d\u6258\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u516d\u7ea7\u53e3\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u667a\u80fd\u8bc4\u5206\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u8bc4\u5206\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u6548\u5ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u53cc\u8bc4\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u8003\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u8003\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u7ed3\u8bed<\/span><\/strong>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

AI\u6280\u672f\u201c\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u91cd\u5851\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6838\u5fc3\u73af\u8282\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d4b\u8bc4\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6d4b\u8bc4\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u201d(Hao et al. 2024: 3)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u5347\u8003\u8bd5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bc4\u4f30\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u3002
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 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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