\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u5b17\u53d8\u3001\u52a8\u56e0\u53ca\u542f\u793a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u738b\u5747\u677e\u00a0 \u8096\u7ef4\u9752\u00a0 \u5d14\u542f\u4eae<\/p>\n (\u897f\u5317\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66 \u4e0a\u6d77\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5927\u5b66 \u5bf9\u5916\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d38\u6613\u5927\u5b66)<\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u6781\u5927\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b17\u53d8\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u2014\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u2014\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b17\u53d8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u52a8\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u673a\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u751f\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4eba\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8bd1\u5458\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u7d20\u517b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n \u00a0\u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5b17\u53d8\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n 01\u3001\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u8fdb\u5165 21 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6b65\u5165\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd(AI)\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u7b49\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5448\u7206\u53d1\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u6781\u5927\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u672f\u8bed\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b49\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u751f\u4ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7eaf\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u9010\u6e10\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b17\u53d8\u5f62\u6001\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b? \u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u52a8\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48? \u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b17\u53d8\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u5b66\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u542f\u793a? \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u89e3\u7b54\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u5f15\u9886\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5f88\u96be\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u65f6\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u6307\u79f0\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u3001\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5173\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7c7b:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 2.1 <\/span>\u4ee5\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u5f52\u5316\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5f02\u5316\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f( Venuti\uff0c 1995)\u3001\u4ea4\u9645\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f( Newmark\uff0c 2001)\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u672c\u6e90\u6982\u5ff5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f(\u8881\u8273\u73b2\uff0c \u6208\u73b2\u73b2\uff0c 2019)\u3001\u9690\u55bb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6587\u70b3\uff0c \u738b\u658c\u534e\uff0c 2021)\u3001 \u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f (\u5415\u4e16\u751f\uff0c 2013)\uff1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u9c81\u8fc5\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f(\u738b\u53cb\u8d35\uff0c 2003)\u3001\u845b\u6d69\u6587\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f(\u5218\u4e91\u8679\uff0c\u8bb8\u94a7\uff0c 2014)\u7b49\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u6216\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02.2 \u4ee5\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u8bd1\u8005\u8ba4\u77e5\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ee5<\/span>\u67d0\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fe\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Nida & Taber(1969)\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5206\u6790 -\u8f6c\u6362 -\u91cd\u6784 -\u68c0\u6d4b\u201d\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>Bell(1991)\u4ee5\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5de5\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4ee5\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u53cc\u8bed\u8f6c\u6362\u4e2d\u4ecb\u201d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>Gutt(2004) \u7ed3\u5408\u5173\u8054\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5173\u8054\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u6b64\u7c7b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u8bd1\u8005\u8ba4\u77e5\u601d\u7ef4<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u66f4\u52a0\u63a5\u8fd1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u8bd1\u8005\u5927\u8111\u9ed1\u5323\u5b50\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02.3 \u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5373\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u9879\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u4f5b\u7ecf\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u7b14\u8bd1\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f(\u5085\u826f\u745c\uff0c 2005)\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u5916\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f(\u738b\u59d7\u59d7 \u7b49\uff0c 2020)\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ece\u53d1\u5305\u65b9\u8ba4\u9886\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u201c\u4f17\u5305\u7ffb\u8bd1\u201d \u6a21\u5f0f(\u80e1\u5b89\u6c5f\uff0c 2017)\u65e5\u76ca\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u70b9\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u8bd1\u8005\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d3b\u52a8\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02.4<\/strong> \u4ee5\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u76ca\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1(CAT)\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u9010\u6e10\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91(MTPE)\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1(IMT)\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd(Bowker\uff0c 2002\uff1a\u5d14\u542f\u4eae\uff0c 2014\uff1a\u5b54\u4ee4\u7136\uff0c\u5d14\u542f\u4eae\uff0c2018\uff1a\u9ec4\u56fd\u5e73\uff0c 2017)\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528(\u5f20\u653f\uff0c \u5f20\u5c11\u54f2\uff0c 2012\uff1aKnowles et al. 2019)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4(Underwood et al. 2014\uff1a\u738b\u6e58\u73b2\uff0c\u738b\u5a77\u5a77\uff0c 2019)\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u56f4\u7ed5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u524d\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u591a\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6548\u7387\u6216\u8bd1\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u9c9c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u5bdf\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5b17\u53d8\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u52a8\u56e0\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u5174\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5168\u8c8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f62\u6001\u5b17\u53d8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u52a8\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u9769\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bd1\u5458\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span>03\u3001\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b17\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u662f\u6307\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6280\u5de7\u7b49\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u201d(\u5982\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u672f\u8bed\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1)\u3001\u201c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u201d(\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1)\u3001\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u201d(\u5982\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406)\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b17\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>3.1 \u4ece\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u76f4\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u6df1\u548c\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9700\u6c42\u5448\u7206\u53d1\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5f7c\u65f6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9700\u6c42\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u91c7\u7528\u6301\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u7387\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bd1\u6587\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1( Computer-Aided Translation\uff0c \u7b80\u79f0 CAT)\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bd1\u5458\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u4e0b\u5f00\u5c55\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u81ea\u745e\u58eb STAR(\u601d\u62d3)\u516c\u53f81991 \u5e74\u9762\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u53d1\u5e03\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5546\u4e1a\u5de5\u5177 Transit\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u8f85\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c \u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u5305\u62ec Trados\u3001memo Q\u3001D\u00e9j\u00e0vu\u3001Wodfast\u3001YiCAT \u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bb0\u5fc6( Translation Memory\uff0c TM) \u548c\u672f\u8bed\u7ba1\u7406(Term Base\uff0cTB)\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8bd1\u5458\u5b8c\u6210\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u501f\u9274\u548c\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u884c\u8bed\u6599\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u4e0e\u8bd1\u6587\u91cd\u590d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6781\u5927\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8bd1\u5458\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u6295\u5165\uff0c \u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bd1\u6587\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4ee5\u53ca\u672f\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c06\u8bd1\u5458\u4ece\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u5176\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.2 \u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5230\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7ee7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f 2016 \u5e74\u8c37\u6b4c\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1(NMT)\u5f15\u64ce\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u884c\u4e1a\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u9752\u7750\u3002\u4f46\u673a\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff0c \u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u7f16\u8f91\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8bd1\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014 \u2014 \u2014\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91( Machine Translation Post-editing\uff0c \u7b80\u79f0 MTPE)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u8d28\u91cf\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002(DePalma\uff0c 2014)\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u662f\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u8bd1\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ea7\u51fa\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c \u8bd1\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u8f7b\u5ea6\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91( Light post-editing)\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91(Full post-editing)\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5411\u524d\u8fc8\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\u3002\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u673a\u8bd1\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c \u8bd1\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u3001\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u201c\u5df2\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65b0\u4e1a\u6001\u201d(\u674e\u6885\uff0c 2021:93)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6311\u6218\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ec8\u7aef\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u673a\u8bd1\u4ea7\u51fa\u8d28\u91cf\u592a\u5dee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4fee\u6539\u9519\u6f0f\u767e\u51fa\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u5c06\u8017\u8d39\u8bd1\u5458\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u3002(O\u2019 Brien\uff0c2014)\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bd1\u5458\u53ea\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u521d\u59cb\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8154\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03.3 \u4ece\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u5230\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u878d\u5408\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1( Interactive Machine Translation\uff0c \u7b80\u79f0 IMT)\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c \u5e76\u5728\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u7531 Church & Hovy (1993)\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd1\u5458\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56fd\u5916\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 CASMACAT\u3001Lilt \u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u817e\u8baf\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u4e3b\u7814\u53d1\u7684 TranSmart\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u7532\u9aa8\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 LanguageX\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6280\u672f(Online Adaptation)\u3002\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bd1\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u52a8\u9884\u6d4b\u5373\u5c06\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u540e\u7eed\u8bd1\u6587\u4ee5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u8bd1\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u8def\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u5e76\u5b9e\u65f6\u505a\u51fa\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bd1\u5458\u56e0\u91cd\u590d\u7ea0\u6b63\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u632b\u8d25\u611f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76ee\u524d\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u201c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5019\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d(\u9ec4\u56fd\u5e73\uff0c 2017:21)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5230\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5b17\u53d8\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u524d\u671f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u8bd1\u8005\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u8868 1 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u8868 1 \u53ef\u89c1\uff0c \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6280\u672f(\u5373\u53cc\u8bed\u5e73\u884c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93)\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f15\u64ce\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u6258\u3002\u800c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5728\u524d\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n 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2018:1)\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\u9010\u6b65\u840c\u82bd\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/span>05\u3001\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b17\u53d8\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n 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& Kirby(2016)\u66fe\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u6167\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u662f\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u5426\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u751f\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a05.2 \u63a8\u52a8\u4eba\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\u9010\u6e10\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c 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2017)\u63a8\u52a8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5145\u5206\u6316\u6398\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u589e\u5f3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u5176\u7814\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u6587\u5173\u6000\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u8fdb\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u201d(\u738b\u8d07\uff0c\u5f20\u653f\uff0c 2022: 112)\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u884c\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5f15\u9886\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6280\u672f\u7275\u7740\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d70\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5b66\u4e60\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a05.3 \u91cd\u89c6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6280\u672f\u804c\u4e1a\u4f26\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n 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2022)\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u523b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f13\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u6ee5\u7528\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bd1\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8bd1\u540e\u5ba1\u6821\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8bd1\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u57f9\u517b\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u4f26\u7406\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f26\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u30022019 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2003)\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u540d\u5408\u683c\u7684\u8bd1\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u53cc\u8bed\u529f\u5e95\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5e7f\u535a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5473\u6ce8\u91cd\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bd1\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u88ab\u2018\u673a\u5668\u5316\u2019\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u201d(\u738b\u534e\u6811\uff0c \u5218\u4e16\u754c\uff0c 2021:89)\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u5927\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u7d20\u517b\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u57f9\u517b\u5ba1\u7f8e\u3001\u63a2\u7a76\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 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