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\u672f\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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01<\/span><\/section>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u539f\u6587\u6807\u9898<\/strong>\u00a0|\u00a0\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u7ec4\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u539f\u6587\u520a\u767b<\/strong>\u00a0| \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u672f\u8bed\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6587\u7ae0\u7248\u6743<\/strong>\u00a0| \u672c\u6587\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7559\u8a00<\/span><\/section>\n
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02<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5185\u5bb9\u6458\u8981<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u7ec4\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed langage, langue, parole, signifiant (signifier) \/ signifi\u00e9 (signified), syntagmatique (syntagmatic relations), associatif (associative relations) or paradigmatique (paradigmatic relations) \u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u540d\u4f5c\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u7fd4\u5b9e\u7684\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u8bd1\u540d\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ca\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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0<\/strong>0<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5f15 \u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u4f20\u4e16\u540d\u4f5c\u300a\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u7a0b\u300b(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b)\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u5b66\u754c\u7ecf\u5178\u3002\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u591a\u6b21\u518d\u7248\u91cd\u5370\uff0c\u5e76\u5148\u540e\u4ee517\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u79fb\u690d\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u6df1\u8fdc\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u719f\u77e5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8bd1\u4ecb\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5374\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u7ec4\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bd1\u540d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u8bd1\u540d\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5c31\u6559\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u65b9\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0<\/strong>1<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\nlangage\u3001langue\u3001parole\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bd1\u540d<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8fc7\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u90fd\u66fe\u9762\u4e34\u540c\u6837\u7684\u56f0\u60d1:\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u540c\u6837\u7684\u75c5\u7a0b\u3001\u540c\u6837\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u7597\u6548\u53ca\u8f6c\u5f52\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927?\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u96be\u9898\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u65e0\u6570\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u30021992\u5e74\u8428\u79d1\u7279(David Sackett)\u7b49\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u5faa\u8bc1\u533b\u5b66(evidence-based medicine\uff0cEBM)\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u8bc1\u636e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ca\u76f4\u89c9\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u53ca\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u636e\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5b66\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e4b\u4e00^{[2]<\/span><\/sup>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u5f00\u7bc7\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u6d3b\u52a8(langage)\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u8bed\u8a00(langue)\u548c\u8a00\u8bed(parole)\u3002\u5728\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9996\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u521b\u7acb\u8a00\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u53c9\u8def\u201d^{[2]<\/span><\/sup>\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u624d\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u9879\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u5374\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c(\u53c2\u89c1\u88681)\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u9648\u671b\u9053\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e2d langage\u3001langue\u548c parole \u4e09\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002langage \uff08\u4ed6\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\u6307\u8868\u60c5\u8fbe\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\uff1blangue\uff08\u8bdd\u8bed\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u6307\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u67d0\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u8fbe\u610f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1bparole\uff08\u8a00\u8c08\u6216\u8a00\uff09\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u8fbe\u610f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6307\u67d0\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u8fbe\u610f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002^{[3]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u9ad8\u540d\u51ef\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u56fd\u5185\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u6c49\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u628alangage\u3001langue\u3001parole \u5206\u522b\u8bd1\u6210\u8a00\u8bed\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8a00\u8bed\u3002^{[2]<\/span><\/sup>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd1\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u64b0\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u5f90\u601d\u76ca^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u621a\u96e8\u6751^{[4]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u6768\u4fe1\u5f70^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u65b9\u5149\u7118^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u9648\u4fdd\u4e9a^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u5218\u6da6\u6e05^{[5]<\/span><\/sup>\u7b49\u3002\u8bb8\u56fd\u748b\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6839\u636elangue\u548cparole\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u5206\u522b\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u8bd1\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5c14\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u300a\u4ece\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u770b\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u4e13\u95e8\u8c08\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u628a langage \u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6742\u7cc5\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u53ef\u628a parole \u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u3002^{[6]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u80e1\u58ee\u9e9f\u5728\u5176\u7f16\u8457\u7684\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u6587\u4f53\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u5219\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u4e3b\u5f20\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5e94\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf (langue) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8a00\u8bed(parole)\u3002\u201d^{[7]<\/span><\/sup>\u5f20\u7ecd\u6770\u3001\u738b\u514b\u975e\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u4e24\u4e2a\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0clangue \u6307\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0cparole \u6307\u201c\u8a00\u8bed\u201d\uff0clangage \u5219\u6307\u201c\u6cdb\u8a00\u8bed\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3002^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u88f4\u6587\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u628a langage\u3001langue \u548cparole \u5206\u522b\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8a00\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8a00\u8bed\u3002^{[8]<\/span><\/sup>\u5c60\u53cb\u7965\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5c06 langage\u3001langue \u548cparole \u8bd1\u6210\u7fa4\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u3002^{[9]<\/span><\/sup>\u5411\u660e\u53cb\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u751f\u524d\u5c06\u8bed\u8a00\u6d3b\u52a8\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201d^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5219\u5c06 langage\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n0<\/strong>2<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\nsignifiant(signifier)\u3001signifi\u00e9(signified)\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bd1\u540d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u72ec\u5230\u89c1\u89e3\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u5355\u4f4d\u6709\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u58f0\u97f3\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u628a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u58f0\u97f3\u5f62\u8c61\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4f53\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u201d(sign)\uff0c\u628a\u58f0\u97f3\u5f62\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u80fd\u6307\u201d(signifier)\uff0c\u628a\u6982\u5ff5\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6240\u6307\u201d(signified)\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u4e5f\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c(\u53c2\u89c1\u88682)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u9ad8\u540d\u51ef\u5728\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u628asignifiant\u8bd1\u4e3a\u80fd\u6307\uff0c\u800c\u628asignifi\u00e9\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6240\u6307\u3002^{[2]<\/span><\/sup>\u8fd9\u5bf9\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u56fd\u5185\u6700\u4e3a\u901a\u884c\u7684\u3002\u7d22\u632f\u7fbd\u3001\u4e50\u7709\u4e91\u3001\u76ae\u9e3f\u9e23\u3001\u5f20\u7ecd\u6770\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u64b0\u6587\u65f6\u90fd\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd1\u540d\u3002^{[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u8bb8\u56fd\u748b\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u66fe\u5c06signifiant\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u628asignifi\u00e9\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u6240\u6307\u3002\u5c14\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u4ece\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u770b\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4signifiant\u548csignifi\u00e9\u662f\u201c\u2018\u7b26\u53f7(signe)\u2192\u7b26\u53f7\u6307\u660e\u8005(signifier)\u2192\u7b26\u53f7\u6307\u660e\u8005(signifiant)\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u88ab\u6307\u660e\u8005(signifi\u00e9)\u2019\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0csignifiant\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u2018\u7b26\u53f7\u65bd\u6307\u2019\uff0csignifi\u00e9\u8bd1\u4e3a\u2018\u7b26\u53f7\u53d7\u6307\u2019\u201d^{[6]<\/span><\/sup>\u3002<\/span>\u5218\u6da6\u6e05^{[5]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u88f4\u6587^{[10]<\/span><\/sup>\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd1\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u5f20\u7ecd\u6770\u3001\u738b\u514b\u975e\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u300a\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u4e2d\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u7531\u65bd\u6307(signifying)\u548c\u6240\u6307(signified)\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u9648\u5609\u6620\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u628a\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u65bd\u6307(signifiant\uff0csignifier\uff0c\u591a\u8bd1\u2018\u80fd\u6307\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u8bd1\u4f5c\u65bd\u6307\u597d\u4e9b)\uff0c\u628a\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u8005\u79f0\u4f5c\u6240\u6307(signifi\u00e9\uff0csignified)\u201d^{[11]<\/span><\/sup>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\n\n\n\n\n03<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\nsyntagmatique(syntagmatic relations)\u3001associatif(associative relations)\u6216paradigmatique(paradigmatic relations)\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bd1\u540d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u65bd\u6307\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u53e5\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb(syntagmatique)\u548c\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb(associatif)\u3002\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb(paradigmatique)\u662f\u540e\u4eba\u6240\u521b\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ffassociatif\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8fd9\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u66f4\u4e3a\u9c9c\u660e\u3002\u53e5\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u662f\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u4e0d\u540c\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u88683\u3002\u9ad8\u540d\u51ef\u5728\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u4e2d\u628asyntagmatic relations\u8bd1\u4f5c\u53e5\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u628aassociative relations\u8bd1\u4f5c\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002[2]\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u5982\u8042\u5fd7\u5e73\u3001\u4f59\u5f00\u4eae\u7b49\u5728\u64b0\u6587\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u8bd1\u540d\u3002^{[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u8bb8\u56fd\u748b\u628a\u201c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u201d\u5373(syntagmatique\u548cassociatif)\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6a2a\u7ebf\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7eb5\u7ebf\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6a2a\u7ebf\u539f\u672f\u8bedsyntagmatique\u6307\u8bed\u6bb5\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a2a\u7ebf\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u5404\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8054\u6210\u8bed\u6bb5\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7eb5\u7ebf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u672f\u8bed\u662fassociative\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u6539\u4e3aparadigmatique\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0esyntagmatique\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u8bed\u6bb5\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bcd\u6765\u63a5\u4e0a\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u201d\u8bb8\u56fd\u748b\u5219\u53c8\u628a\u8fd9\u5bf9\u672f\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8fde\u9501\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8fde\u9501\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8bd1\u6210\u6a2a\u7ebf\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7eb5\u7ebf\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u6bd4\u8bd1\u6210\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u9192\u8c41\u3002\u201d^{[6]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u5411\u660e\u53cb^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u5728\u6982\u8ff0\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u8bf8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6bd4\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u9648\u4fdd\u4e9a^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u3001\u9648\u5609\u6620^{[11]<\/span><\/sup>\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u5c60\u53cb\u7965\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6a2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002^{[9]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u88f4\u6587^{[9]<\/span><\/sup>\u63d0\u5230\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u5171\u65f6\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u6846\u67b6\u65f6\uff0c\u628asyntagmatic relations\u548cassociative relations\u5206\u522b\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u6a2a\u5411\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5173\u8054\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u3002^{[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u5218\u6da6\u6e05\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5229\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u65bd\u6307\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8fde\u9501\u5173\u7cfb(syntagmatic relation)\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb(associative relation)\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u66f4\u52a0\u9c9c\u660e\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u628a\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u6539\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb(paradigmatic relation)\u3002\u201d^{[5]<\/span><\/sup>\u5f20\u7ecd\u6770\u3001\u738b\u514b\u975e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f90\u6d77\u94ed\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u3002^{[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n\n
<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n04<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u6d45\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(1)langage\u3001langue\u548cparole\u5206\u522b\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8a00\u8bed\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8a00\u8bed\u8f83\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3alangage\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8de8\u7740\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u51e0\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u57df\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u628a\u5b83\u5f52\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6587\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u6837\u53bb\u7406\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u8a00\u8bed\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u8f83\u201c\u8a00\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86langage\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u6742\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0clangage\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u53c8\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5982\u628a\u5b83\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u6742\u7cc5\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u5462\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u628alangue\u548cparole\u5206\u522b\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8a00\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u5df2\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(2)signifiant(signifier)\u548csignifi\u00e9(signified)\u5206\u522b\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u65bd\u6307\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u53d7\u6307\u201d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u9002\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0csignifiant\u548csignifi\u00e9\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u8bcd\u7d20\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u201csigne\u201d(\u7b26\u53f7)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7d20\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u201c\u65bd\u6307\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53d7\u6307\u201d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e4b\u610f\uff1b\u800c\u201c\u80fd\u6307\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6240\u6307\u201d\u5bf9\u6b64\u610f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5374\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(3)syntagmatique\u548cassociatif(paradigmatique)\u5206\u522b\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u8fde\u9501\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u8f83\u4e3a\u6070\u5f53\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u628asyntagmatique\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u53e5\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u7b26\u53f7\u65bd\u6307\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u65bd\u6307\u5728\u8a00\u8bed\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8fde\u9501\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628asyntagmatique\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u8fde\u9501\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u6070\u597d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u628aassociatif(paradigmatique)\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u591a\u8bcd\u5806\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u800c\u628a\u5b83\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u51fa\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7eb5\u5411\u7684\u8bcd\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u7ec4\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5168\u8d34\u5207\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u6c42\u6559\u4e8e\u65b9\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u6709\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\u4e4b\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n05<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u672f\u8bed\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(1)\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5728\u4e09\u5ea6\u8bb2\u6388\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u751f\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u672c\u5168\u9762\u9610\u8ff0\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6839\u636e\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u548c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u6b8b\u5b58\u624b\u7a3f\u6574\u7406\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u800c\u6108\u662f\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u4e5f\u5c31\u6108\u5927\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6765\u9886\u4f1a\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(2)\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6c47\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u548c\u5916\u5ef6\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709language\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684langue\u548clangage\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bcd\u5728\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u7167\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(3)\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u8bd1\u672c\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6c49\u8bd1\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e8e\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u3001\u4fc4\u8bd1\u672c\u3001\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\u6216\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bd1\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
(4)\u4e0e\u5f88\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u957f\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u672f\u8bed\u89c4\u8303\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u5ba1\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5c55\u5f00^{[12]<\/span><\/sup>\u3002<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672f\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u8bf4\u516c\u6709\u7406\uff0c\u5a46\u8bf4\u5a46\u6709\u7406\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u7ed9\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u7a0d\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8d75\u84c9\u6656\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u300a\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u5904\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/span>(1)\u8d75\u84c9\u6656\u5728\u300a\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u628a\u201c\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u8fd9\u5bf9\u672f\u8bed\u9519\u5199\u4e3a\u201c\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<\/span>^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>(2)\u5411\u660e\u53cb\u5728\u300a\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d3b\u52a8(langage)\u201d\u9519\u5199\u6210\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u6d3b\u52a8(langue)\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span>^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>(3)\u97a0\u7389\u6885\u3001\u66f9\u6625\u6625\u5728\u300a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5076\u503c\u601d\u7ef4\u2014\u2014\u8bba\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u300b<\/span>^{[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u628a\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u53e5\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7eb5\u5411\u7684\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u9519\u5199\u6210\u201c\u7eb5\u5411\u7684\u53e5\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u8054\u60f3\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7c97\u5fc3\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u8fde\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u72af\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n<\/section>\n
\u4e0e\u56fd\u5916\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u672f\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6210\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u671f\u5f85\u7740\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u5ba1\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/section>\n\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6587<\/span>\u4e2d<\/span>\u89c2<\/span>\u70b9<\/span>\u4ec5<\/span>\u4ee3<\/span>\u8868<\/span>\u4f5c<\/span>\u8005<\/span>\u672c<\/span>\u4eba<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u672c<\/span>\u6587<\/span>\u4ec5<\/span>\u7528<\/span>\u4e8e<\/span>\u5b66<\/span>\u672f<\/span>\u4ea4<\/span>\u6d41<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5982<\/span>\u6709<\/span>\u4fb5<\/span>\u6743<\/span>\u8bf7<\/span>\u540e<\/span>\u53f0<\/span>\u8054<\/span>\u7cfb<\/span>\u5c0f<\/span>\u7f16<\/span>\u5220<\/span>\u9664<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n– END –<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n\u8f6c<\/span>\u8f7d<\/span>\u6765<\/span>\u6e90<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u672f\u8bed<\/span><\/section>\n\u8f6c<\/span>\u8f7d<\/span>\u7f16<\/span>\u8f91<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>\u5468<\/span>\u7433<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n\u5ba1<\/span>\u6838<\/span>\uff1a<\/span>\u7a0b<\/span>\u6d77<\/span>\u4e1c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee3<\/span>\u9704<\/span>\u5f66<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u6fee<\/span>\u96ea<\/span>\u59e3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u674e<\/span>\u5fc3<\/span>\u6021<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u672f\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1 01 \u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0 \u539f\u6587\u6807\u9898\u00a0|\u00a0\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u7ec4\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u540d \u539f\u6587\u520a\u767b\u00a0| \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u672f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,60],"tags":[109,78],"class_list":["post-568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-94","category-60","tag-109","tag-78"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaresources.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}